区域无线电定位系统基站的最优几何布局

地面基站的几何布局方式是影响区域无线电定位系统定位精度的重要因素,水平几何精度递变因子（HDOP）是衡量地面基站几何布局对系统定位精度影响的基本指标。为求解区域无线电定位系统基站的最优几何布局,给出了区域无线电定位系统HDOP的计算方法,建立了求解区域无线电定位系统地面基站最优几何布局的数学模型;提出了应用惩罚函数对数学模型进行求解的方法,将约束优化问题转化为无约束优化问题;并针对求解过程中目标函数难于求导的问题,提出了采用模拟退火算法进行全局寻优,使求得的结果逼近全局最优解。仿真结果表明,这种结合惩罚函数法和模拟退火算法进行全局寻优的方法,对于区域无线电定位系统求解地面基站的最优布局方案具有工程实用价值。     

Determination of Polarity Terms of Some Nitrogen-Containing Surfactants and Simulated Hydrophobic Tail Models by Gas Chromatography

Some polarity terms of two groups of nitrogen-containing surfactants （ six alkanolamides and nine polyoxyethylenated long chain amines） are measured through gas chromatography. The apparent methanol carbon number （CMeOH） and polarity index （IP） values are determined on the investigated surfactants as stationary phases in packed columns. Similarly, CMeOH and IP values are determined on simulated hydrophobic tail （SHT）models. The obtained results reveal that the introduction of SHT approach permits the distinction between the polarities of different surfactants and their head groups. The measured polarity terms are discussed as related to hydrophile-lipophile balance （HLB） number and the hydrophobic group carbon number （RCN）. Some equations relating the measured polarity values and these variable have been developed.     

非对称半结晶两嵌段共聚物的微相分离与结晶行为的模拟退火研究

利用模拟退火方法研究非对称半结晶两嵌段共聚物熔体分别在弱分离和强分离条件下的结晶过程.考察微相分离作用和结晶作用的相对强度对柱状组成的两嵌段共聚物平衡形态的影响.研究结果表明,当嵌段间的相互排斥作用较弱时,结晶便破坏了柱状畴;当此相互作用足够强时,结晶过程可以有效地被限制在熔体微相分离所形成的柱状畴内.另外,介于上述两种情形之间还存在一个模板区域,此时熔体形成的柱状畴大部分被保留下来,但在局部会变形或连通.这些结果和文献报道的实验结果一致.当嵌段间的相互排斥作用非常强时,结晶被抑制,微相分离主导最终形态,观察到了非晶态结构.     

玩具材料中特定元素在四种人体模拟液中迁移方法探讨

选择塑料、纺织品和油漆涂层三类常见玩具材料,采用模拟胃液、酸性汗液、碱性汗液和唾液浸泡提取样品,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测试提取液中17种欧盟玩具新指令限制元素（铝、锑、砷、钡、硼、镉、铬、钴、铜、铅、锰、汞、镍、硒、锶、锡、锌）迁移量,实验了前处理过程中不同振荡频率对金属元素迁移量的影响。实验结果表明：胃液对金属元素溶出能力最大,汗液溶出能力最弱,样品提取过程中,恒温水浴振荡器振荡频率在80~160r/min范围内时,特定元素溶出量相对标准偏差低于10%。     

Sunlight- or UVA-Light-Mediated Synthesis of Hydroxamic Acids from Carboxylic Acids

The development of light-mediated methods for synthetic applications is increasingly attracting high interest. We present herein a new photochemical protocol for the synthesis of hydroxamic acids, which constitute an important class of medicinal agents, mainly due to their anticancer properties. The method is mediated by UVA-light or sunlight and its key point is the generation of a charge transfer complex by the interaction of 4-dimethylaminopyridine with a halomethane. Various carboxylic acids were directly coupled with O-protected hydroxylamines, upon irradiation with either LED 370 nm or solar light. A detailed study of the mechanism was carried out by the employment of direct infusion–high resolution mass spectrometry (DI-HRMS), providing experimental evidence for the formation of various activated species, which may lead to the desired product. The light-mediated protocol was applied in the synthesis of the drugs Vorinostat and Bufexamac.